In order to get the digest of an image i.e. the SHA256 hash of the image, you can make use of the option --digests along with the docker images command,
# docker images --digests
REPOSITORY TAG DIGEST IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
ubuntu latest sha256:4b1d0c4a2d2aaf63b37111f34eb9fa89fa1bf53dd6e4ca954d47caebca4005c2 3c2df5585507 6 days ago 69.2MB
amazonlinux latest sha256:f0ad031d65bf6cd219d8621d2a304d884c6a809ca2b20855eac371df92f4fcaf 5514655128c4 13 days ago 194MB
alpine latest sha256:bc41182d7ef5ffc53a40b044e725193bc10142a1243f395ee852a8d9730fc2ad a6215f271958 3 months ago 5.29MB
As you can see, when I used the --digests option, the digest column is made available with 64 characters long sha256 digest of the images.

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