Execution Operators in PHP : Tutorial

backticks (``) are used as Execution Operator in PHP.

The contents within the backticks are executed as shell commands returning the output, which can be assigned to a variable.

Note that these (``) are not single-quotes! Execution Operator is identical to shell_exec() function. The backtick operator is disabled when safe mode is enabled or shell_exec() is disabled. Backticks cannot be used within double-quoted strings. We can even run Windows dos commands.

Example 1:

<?php

$executionOpOutput = `ls -ltr`;
echo "<pre>$executionOpOutput</pre>";

}

?>

Output

Example 2: Running DOS commands

<?php

$executionOpOutput = `ver`;
echo "<pre>$executionOpOutput</pre>";

}

?>

Output


Microsoft Windows [Version 6.3.9600]

Example 3: Running DOS dir commands

<?php

$executionOpOutput = `ver`;
echo "<pre>$executionOpOutput</pre>";

}

?>

Output


 Volume in drive I is Code2care
 Volume Serial Number is 70BE-20EE

 Directory of I:\xampp\htdocs\xampp\Tutorials

12/26/2013  08:38 PM