vi undo redo command

vi is by far the most popular console based text editor for UNIX Operating System. vi is pre-installed on nearly all UNIX flavors (includes macOS and centOS), you have to have a good hold of keyboard shortcuts and commands if you want to work with it, yeah may seem old-school if you are new to the programming environment, but it is very popular among software engineers.

vi keeps a track of last changes you make. You can use the undo and redo commands to revert the text to how it was before each change. You can also apply the changes again (redo) or get back to the text before the changes you made.

Steps: vi Undo changes:

1. If you are in INSERT mode, press Escape - Esc key to get back to the COMMAND mode,
2. Now type :u (colon and u) to undo the last changes.
3. You can also use the long-form i.e: undo, but as :u is shorter so is more preferred.

Steps: vi Redo changes:

1. Make sure you not in INSERT mode, press Esc key to goto COMMAND mode,
2. Now type Ctrl+R (press and hold Ctrl and then R key) to redo the last changes.
3. You can also use the long-form i.e :undo, but as :u is shorter so is more preferred.
4. You can also add a number to redo command example: To redo the last two changes you can use 2Ctrl+R

If you want to undo multiple steps you can try syntax :u{n} where n -> number of steps you want to undo. Example: :2u or uu in vim will undo 2 previous changes,:3u will undo 3 changes. Note that there is a difference between capital letter U (Shift + U) and lower case letter 'u',

1. u Undoes last change
2. U Undoes all changes on line

Visual Undo/Redo examples:

1. Open Terminal on your macOS/Linux (or Bash Shell if you are working on Windows 10)
2. Open a file using vi command, example: vi sampleFile.txt
   
   Step 1: Open file using vi
3. Press i to enter insert mode
   
   Step 2: Type i for insert mode
4. Write some text,
   
   Step 3: Write some text
5. Press (Esc) Escape colon and u (:u),
   
   Step 4: Press Ecsape colon u
   
   Step 5: Undo operation result

Revert changes using :earlier or :later commands:

Just like undo and redo, you can make use of :earlier command to undo changes, and :later to redo changes. If you add a number after this command example- :later 10 it will redo last 10 changes.

⚠️ Vi maintains a swap file while you are working on a text file, it is the undo/redo history buffer, this swap file gets deleted when you quit vi. If you exit vi then there is very less chance that you may finds undo/redo details, the possibility of recovering the changes is very less.

Undo up to a file write

If you had made a lot of changes to a file and you want to go back to the state in the past where you had last written the file, you can make use of the :earlier 1f command where "f" stands for "file". Similarly you can user :later 1f to go forward.

Undo blocks

One undo command usually undoes a typed command, no matter how many changes that command makes. This sequence of undo-able changes forms an undo block. Therefore if the typed key call a function, all the commands in the function are undone together.

If you want to write a function or script that doesn't create a new undoable change but joins in with the previous change use this command:

:undoj[oin]

⛏️ Tips:. (dot) can be used to repeat the same previous command, so if you use :u followed by . it will perform undo again.

✌️ Did you know? The name vi is derived from the shortest unambiguous abbreviation for the ex command visual, which switches the ex line editor to visual mode. - Wikipedia

Summary:

> use :u to perfom undo operation. 
> :u{Number} to perform mutliple undo operations. 
> Use Ctrl+R to perform Redo operation.

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